Categories
DNS EOP exchange exchange online Exchange Online Protection Exchange Server smtp

Enabling Better Mail Flow Security for Exchange Online

At Microsoft Ignite 2020, Microsoft announced support for MTA-STS, or Mail Transfer Agent Strict Transport Security. This is covered in RFC 8461 and it includes making TLS for mail flow to your domains mandatory whereas it is currently down to the decision of the sender.

You can publish your SMTP endpoint and offer the STARTTLS verb but there is no requirement for the sender to use it unless you have configured the sender as well to ensure that they only email you over TLS (for example RequireTLS and TLSDomain settings in Exchange Server/Exchange Online connectors). MTA-STS allows you, the domain owner, to publish your TLS requirements.

You publish your requirements by placing a policy file in your websites “.well-known” directory. The policy will have version: STSv1 and mode: [testing|enforce|none] and mx record. “Testing” for mode says send the delivery of the email will work regardless of success or failure, but also send a report if it failed. “Enforce” means security must pass or the message delivery fails and “none” clears the policy, acting as if you don’t have a policy but giving you a route to remove the policy cleanly rather than what might happen if the policy was to disappear (mail flow should stop). The policy will also have a max_age value in seconds on how long the sender should cache the policy. For example:

version: STSv1
mode: testing
mx: mail.domain.com
mx: c7solutions-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
max_age: 86400

In the above example, my policy is for testing and so I have set a short max_age value, though a value of weeks or more would typically be expected with 31557600 being the largest value you can set (a year and 1/4 of a day in seconds).

The text file must be called mta-sts.txt in the .well-known folder of the mts-sts domain, for example https://mta-sts.c7solutions.com/.well-known/mta-sts.txt

Finally, the policy is published via DNS with the _mta-sts subdomain record:

_mta-sts.c7solutions.com  TXT  "v=STSv1; id=202009241541"

This DNS record must be v=STSv1 and the id needs to be a value that changes when the policy file changes, so I have just used a date string, but it could be anything that you change as the policy changes. The DNS record can also be a CNAME record instead of a TXT record when someone else hosts your email infrastructure and in this case the value points to the MTA-STS domain of the provider instead.

Testing mode was mentioned above, and that is covered in my second blog post today on this topic – Reporting on MTA-STS Failures

Categories
EOP exchange exchange online Exchange Online Protection Exchange Server

Reporting on MTA-STS Failures

This article is a follow up to the Enabling Better Mail Flow Security for Exchange Online which discusses setting up MTA-STS and in this article we cover the reporting for MTA-STS.

To get daily reports from each sending infrastructure to receive reports on MTA-STS you just create a DNS record in the following format:

_smtp._tls.c7solutions.com IN TXT "v=TLSRPTv1;rua=mailto:hostmaster@c7solutions.com"

It took about a week before I got some reports and at this time they have only come, now daily, from Google. They come as a JSON file compressed in the GZip format and once expanded appear as follows:

{
 "organization-name":"Google Inc.",
 "date-range":
 {
  "start-datetime":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z",
  "end-datetime":"2020-10-08T23:59:59Z"
 },
 "contact-info":"smtp-tls-reporting@google.com",
 "report-id":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z_c7solutions.com",
 "policies":
 [
  {
   "policy":
   {
    "policy-type":"sts",
    "policy-string":
    [
     "version: STSv1\r",
     "mode: testing\r",
     "mx: mail.domain.com\r",
     "mx: c7solutions-com.mail.protection.outlook.com\r",
     "max_age: 86400"
    ],
    "policy-domain":"c7solutions.com"
   },
   "summary":
   {
    "total-successful-session-count":1,
    "total-failure-session-count":0
   }
  }
 ]
}

As we can see, nothing interesting – it worked for the one email I got into this domain from Gmail that day! On one result its not time to change the policy from “testing” to “enforce” but it might be soon as I know it is working.

Categories
enhanced filtering EOP exchange exchange online Exchange Online Protection Exchange Server mimecast Office 365 spam

Enable EOP Enhanced Filtering for Mimecast Users

Enhanced Filtering is a feature of Exchange Online Protection (EOP) that allows EOP to skip back through the hops the messages has been sent through to work out the original sender.

Take for example a message from SenderA.com to RecipientB.com where RecipientB.com uses Mimecast (or another cloud security provider). The MX record for RecipientB.com is Mimecast in this example. When EOP gets the message it will have gone from SenderA.com > Mimecast > RecipientB.com > EOP, or it will have gone SenderA.com > Mimecast > EOP if you are not sending via any other system such as an on-premises network.

EOP though, without Enhanced Filtering, will see the source email as the previous hop – in the above example the email will appear to come from Mimecast or the on-premises IP address – and neither of these are the true sender for SenderA.com and so the message fails SPF if it is set to -all (hard fail) and possibly DMARC if set to p=reject. EOP won’t, because of this complexity in routing, reject hard fails or DMARC rejects immediately.

So how can you tell EOP about your complex routing – this is Enhanced Filtering. You add the IPs of your on-premises network and your cloud filter to the inbound connector that you create in EOP to receive your emails. For any source you need the list of IPs and here are the IPs at the time of writing for Mimecast EU datacenters in an easy to use PowerShell cmdlet to add them to your Inbound Connector in EOP.

Set-InboundConnector "Inbound from Mimecast EU" -EFSkipIPs 207.82.80.0/24,146.101.78.0/24,185.58.84.0/22,91.220.42.0/24,195.130.217.0/24,193.7.205.0/24,193.7.204.0/24

In the above, get the name of the connector correct and it adds the IPs for you. It takes about an hour to take effect, but after this time inbound emails via Mimecast EU are skipped for spf/DMARC checking in EOP. For organisations with complex routing this is something you need to implement.

Categories
attribution domain enhanced filtering EOP exchange exchange online Exchange Online Protection Exchange Server mimecast Office 365 smtp transport

Mail Flow To The Correct Exchange Online Connector

In a multi-forest Exchange Server/Exchange Online (single tenant) configuration, you are likely to have multiple inbound connectors to receive email from the different on-premises environments. There are scenarios where it is important to ensure that the correct connector is used for the inbound message rather than any of your connectors. Here is one such example.

With multiple inbound connectors you might be happy and successfully complete your testing if the email from on-premises appears in the correct cloud mailbox. But what about when you use Enhanced Filtering. Here you need to add the intermediate IP addresses of all the hops the message can go through to the specific connector so that Exchange Online Protection can determine the real source IP address and then do spam/spf etc. on the true sender IP and not the hop before Exchange Online Protection (likely your on-premises server and not the actual source).

For example, lets send an email from SenderDomain.com to RecipientDomain.com, where RecipientDomain.com uses Mimecast, has Exchange Servers and has moved mailboxes to Exchange Online. The mail flow for this scenario is:

SenderDomainServer Public IP > MX (Mimecast) > Mimecast IPs > On-Premises IPs (internal) > Public IP for on-premises servers > EOP

From the EOP view point, the email is received from the public IP for the on-premises servers and not from the actual sending IP address. This means that the message will fail SPF as you have complex routing in-front of the receipt by EOP. This, out of interest, is the reason why EOP will not reject SPF failures even if DMARC reject is in place.

When the message arrives at EOP, the message needs to be attributed to the correct connector. If you have multiple Exchange Server orgs in separate on-premises environments you need to make sure that the message is associated (attributed) to the correct Inbound Connector.

This message attribution is done by looking for all Inbound Connectors of type On-Premises in your tenant. If you have more than one connector of type On-Premises, looking up the TlsSenderCertificateName value on the Inbound Connectors to find the connector that best matches the certificate used to encrypt the inbound message. So lets take a look at the example above again. In the “Public IP for on-premises servers > EOP” hop this message will be encrypted with a certificate called (lets say) “mail.recipientdomain.com” and the Exchange Hybrid Wizard will have created the Inbound Connector for this mail flow with TlsSenderCertificateName set to *.recipientdomain.com. Other Inbound Connectors from other on-premises orgs are possibly going to have similar certificates (they should not have the same one) with similar subject names and the Hybrid Wizard could have made more than one Inbound Connector with *.recipientdomain.com as the TlsSenderCertificateName value. If you have multiple Inbound Connectors of type On-Premises and more than one connector with TlsSenderCertificateName set to *.recipientdomain.com then the message could be attributed to the wrong connector.

If you have set Enhanced Filtering IPs to the other connector though, the Enhanced Filtering will not work because the message is not received by the connector you think it should be received by.

So how do you fix this. You modify the Hybrid Wizard created Inbound Connector TlsSenderCertificateName value to be the subject name of the certificate, so not *.recipientdomain.com but mail.recipientdomain.com and you register mail.recipientdomain.com as a domain in Office 365. You need to do both. The reason the Hybrid Wizard sets TlsSenderCertificateName to *.recipientdomain.com is to avoid you needing to add domains to Office 365 that match your certificate precisely, but if you have multiple connectors this is the only way to guarantee message attribution to the correct connector.

Now you can add the IPs you want to skip with Enhanced Filtering to the specific connector, mail flow will use the specific connector and the IPs will be skipped. EOP will resolve the correct sender IP (SenderDomain Public IP in the above example) even though the message has gone through Mimecast and on-premises servers as well. The message headers will now show:

X-MS-Exchange-SkipListedInternetSender ip=[Sender Server IP Address];domain=FQDN of sender

And not list Mimecast (or whomever you are using as a second cloud filter) or your on-premises IP addresses as the true sender.

Categories
android Apple AutoPilot Deployment Endpoint Manager Graph Intune iOS

What Is The Value of enrollmentProfileName

In Microsoft EndPoint Manager there are a few different device registration scenarios that make use of a property called device.enrollmentProfileName. To find and apply other settings (apps, config, etc) to these devices later on you need to have a Dynamic Device Group based on this property. The problem is the value of the property is not available to view in PowerShell or the Endpoint Manager portal.

This value is used by AutoPilot, Apple Business Manager devices (aka DEP) and Android Fully Managed device profiles.

So how can I see what a devices value is so I can create a group to contain that device. I need to use the Graph Explorer.

In the Graph Explorer, using the Beta endpoint, I can get data for my device using the query https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/devices/{objectId}

This gets BETA endpoint graph data, which includes enrollmentProfileName. The version 1.0 endpoint does not return enrollmentProfileName in the response.

If you have never used the Graph Explorer before, here are the steps to get this info:

Open the Graph Explorer from https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/graph-explorer

Click Sign In button to the left, and once signed in, select Beta (highlighted) and paste in the query replacing /me with /devices/{objectID}

Graph Explorer to look for a device properties (beta endpoint)

You may not have permissions (consent) to view the data you need, so you might need to click on Modify Permissions tab (also highlighted above) to request and approve consent to access the data. This consent may need administrator approval depending upon your security settings in Azure AD.

Click Run Query button and view the results in the Response Preview section below:

Response to a Device query in the Graph

The value of enrollmentProfileName will be the profile the device was enrolled under, at the time of enrollment. Its possible that the profile was renamed or deleted since the device was enrolled, or that you have many profiles, and so actually working out which profile the device is under can be tricky.

Also a top tip – don’t name your profiles all starting with “Test”. In the tenant where the above screenshots where taken from we found DEP profiles called “Test…” and AutoPilot profiles called “Test…”, so creating dynamic device groups where the device.enrollmentProfileName -contains “Test” was returning too many devices!

Categories
mdatp security web windows 10

Free Web Content Filtering With Microsoft Defender ATP

Well free as in you need an MDATP licence first, but as this used to be an add on feature on top of MDATP with an additional cost, this is now effectively free once you are licensed for MDATP. The feature enables your organisation to track and regulate access to websites based on their content categories. Many of these websites, while not malicious, might be problematic due to compliance regulations, bandwidth usage, or other concerns.

So how do you set it up from scratch.

Visit the MDATP admin portal at https://securitycenter.microsoft.com/ and click the cog icon to change to the settings view.

Under General, Advanced Features enable Preview Features (whilst this feature is in preview, once it stops being a preview feature this step is no longer required).

On the same list of Advanced Features toggle the option for Web Content Filtering to enable the feature and click Save Preferences.

Enabling Web Content Filtering in MDATP Settings

In the option where you enable Web Content Filtering click the link to create a web content filtering policy to take you to the settings for this feature.

This opens a second tab but all it does it takes you to the Web Content Filtering node of the Settings page! Click + Add Item to start adding content filtering categories.

First, give the policy a name and click Next. Then choose a category or parent category. For example you could select the parent category Adult Content which will turn on seven categories, or you could select just a category such as Nudity. The parent categories are, in addition to Adult Content, High Bandwidth (with peer to peer, and streaming media sites included), Legal Liability (with categories such as child abuse, hacking, and criminal activity included), Leisure (including chat, games, and social networking as categories) and the blanket Uncategorized.

Blocked Categories page in MDATP Web Content Filtering policy creation

Click Next and then enable for all devices in your admin scope (so if you are Global Admin, that’s all devices!) or pick one or more device groups.

Roll Out Web Content Filtering To A Device Group

You need to have made the device groups in advance of setting up the policy, and this is available from the Settings page as well. In the above screenshot I have selected the UK device group which is a MDATP Tag set by the registry on all our UK machines. Create a pilot group tag and roll out this feature to a limited number of devices to test.

Click Next to get to the Summary page and then finish the policy creation.

Web Content Filtering Policies in MDATP

The policy you created and others if you have more than one are then shown.

There are no client agents to install for this feature to work – the MDATP sensor built into Windows 10 (1609 and later) does all the work. The website categories that are blocked are blocked in the browser with a warning. Blocks are performed by SmartScreen (Edge) and Network Protection (Chrome and Firefox). Network Protection is not a message in the browser though – it is a popup at the Operating System level. The Web Content Filter interrupts network traffic to the blocked sites, so Chrome and Firefox will show a network level error, and the OS popup will give the reason. Edge Browser integrates with the OS to show a proper error message (unless SmartScreen is disabled, in which case Network Protection will be the experience here in Edge as well).

Edge SmartScreen Block

In addition to the browser “requirement” for a nice error message, you also need to have the latest updates for Windows Defender signatures and platform, known as MoCAMP. An Advanced Hunting query on GitHub allows you to check the versions across your MDATP estate.

All viewed categories, blocked or not blocked, are reported back to MDATP via the telemetry – so you can create reports on the visited site categories even without blocking users. These reports are available from the MDATP portal and Reports > Web Protection:

Web Protection Report in MDATP

The above screenshot shows the only activity at the moment was Custom Indicators (see Blocking Apps With A Low Reputation) but as categories of web content and browsed they will appear on this report.

Web Categories As Shown On Day Web Content Filtering Was Turned On!

You can access the Report details for each card by selecting a table row or coloured bar from the chart in the card. The report details page for each card contains data about web content categories, website domains, and device groups.

If you create a Web Content Filtering Policy that has no blocked items in it, but apply this to all devices, you will get a report within a few days of the scope of all your users across all your devices (in MDATP that is) and the categories of URL they are visiting. Therefore, if you need to know what to block before you block it – create a policy that does not include any categories to block.

Categories
exchange online Exchange Server mailbox migration move powershell

Force Mailbox Migration With Bad Items To Complete (2020)

It used to be easy to complete an Exchange Server > Exchange Online move request that had bad items, but this has changed recently.

In the last short while Move Requests (and Migration Batches) have begun to include a property called DataConsistencyScore

Get-MoveRequestStatistics "Bill Gates" | fl DataConsistencyScore

If the result from the above is “Investigate” then you will not be able to complete the move even if you set the usual properties of -PreventCompletion $false and -CompleteAfter 1, that is – the following will not work:

Set-MoveRequest "Bill Gates "-SuspendWhenReadyToComplete $false -PreventCompletion $false -CompleteAfter 1

You will also need to set the following:

Set-MoveRequest "Bill Gates" -SkippedItemApprovalTime  $(Get-Date).ToUniversalTime()

Upon running the above (the move request will auto resume in my tests), the move will start to complete if completion is allowed (the cmdlets at the top of the post). Obviously you will want to check why there are a number of bad items in the move and what you are going to try and do to fix them.

The SkippedItemApprovalTime property approves all bad items detected before the specified time. So in the above example we are approving all bad items to be discarded that were found before “now”. You could set an earlier specific time as well.

You now do not need to set a bad item limit (BadItemLimit) value as you are approving items by time instead.

Categories
iPhone Microsoft Teams Teams Zoom

Why is the Text in my Teams Background Back To Front

With Teams (and Zoom, and probably other video conferencing apps) as well as apps that add to the live camera image such Chromacam and Snap Camera in popular use, you might have noticed that all the example backgrounds have no text on them.

So what happens when you or your company roll out a set background to use that does contain text – for example, this mockup image:

Teams background mockup with text
Teams Background With Added Text

Now my graphics editing skills are not great, but this is just one of the included background images that come with Microsoft Teams and a logo added as if it were a picture on the wall.

So what happens when I use this as my custom background in Teams (or Zoom etc.) – the following is what I see:

Teams (Presenter View) on Desktop with Text In Background Meeting
Teams (Presenter View) on Desktop with Text In Background Meeting

You can see that in the view of the background I can see the text is back to front. This is correct, as the view from my camera that is presented back to me is usually mirrored for my convenience. This is because they way I see myself is in a mirror, and so to show me “unmirrored” so to speak would look odd to me. Also if I raise one hand or move to one side, the mirrored image of me from my camera shows this happening on the side of the screen I would naturally expect it to be on.

The downside of this is that any text we add to background images will appear back to front for us – but it will appear correct to all attendees, as the Teams will not show the attendees the mirrored image. Just as we expect to see a mirror image when looking at ourselves, others who look at us do not expect to see that, and the video conferencing apps will not show that to them – so they see your logo, or text or whatever, correctly as you intended.

Teams Attendee View (iPhone)
Teams (Attendee View) on iPhone, with text the correct orientation

Categories
Microsoft 365 Office Office 365 Outlook

Deploying Zoom Add-In To All Outlook Users

With the sudden change in working practices, a (large) number of companies has start to use Zoom as their video conferencing software. Though this software is not from Microsoft, that does not stop an Office 365 or Exchange Server administrator helping their users out in terms of scheduling Zoom meetings via an add-in in Outlook.

On the Zoom website the user can download and install their own add-in and the Zoom application, but the steps below will push the Outlook add-in to all users (or all Zoom users if you have a group containing just these users).

These steps are run from the Office 365 Admin Center and not from Zoom, and they push the add-in to Outlook without end end-user interaction

To deploy an add-in, and in this case the Zoom Outlook add-in, first go to the Microsoft 365 Admin Center at https://admin.microsoft.com/.

Click Show All on the left and then select Settings > Add-ins from the expanded menu.

In the Add-In main page click + Deploy Add-In.

Deploy Add-In Screen
Deploy Add-In Screen

This screen outlines the Centralized Deployement service for Office Web add-ins. These add-ins work across the web version of the application, the desktop versions (PC and Mac) and in some cases the mobile version as well. The important thing to learn here is that they are not just for the web version, so not just for OWA. In the context of the Zoom add-in, on the Zoom website it says the add-in only works in Outlook for the Web (OWA), and this is not correct.

Click Next and click Choose from the Store as shown:

Choose from the Store
Deploy A New Add-In Screen

You will now see a list of all the add-ins in the Microsoft Store (once you have logged into the Store if you needed to do this).

Add-In Store
Select Add-In From Store

As we are discussing the Zoom for Outlook add-in at this point, type Zoom in the Search box.

Zoom for Outlook Add-in In the Add-In Store

Click Add next to the Zoom for Outlook add-in. Then accept the licence terms and privacy policy shown to you as shown below. If you click on the title of the add-in then you see a description of the add-in and can complete deployment from that screen.

Zoom Add-In Terms and Conditions
Zoom for Outlook License Terms and Privacy Policy
Zoom for Outlook Details
Zoom for Outlook Details

If after clicking Add and accepting the licence you get a correlation error similar to that shown, it means the add-in was already deployed. There is a bug in the new Admin Center that does not show existing deployed add-ins and you need to go to the old old Office 365 admin center (switch the slider top right) and search for the add-in:

Configure Add-In Error
Configure Add-In Error
Add-In Shown in Old Admin Center
Zoom for Outlook Add-In Shown in Old Admin Center

If you had no error on deploying the add-in, then you will be asked who to deploy the add-in to. The options are to Assign Users and choose all or some of the organization and also the Deployment Method and Fixed, Available or Optional. This last option controls whether the add-in is deployed for the user to the ribbon in the Office application and they cannot remove it (Fixed), where the user can choose to add the add-in to the office app (Available), or where the add-in appears on the application ribbon, but the user can remove it (Optional). This is shown below:

Configure Zoom for Outlook Add-In
Configure Zoom for Outlook Add-In

Select your user and deployment options. For users, any group cannot be a nested group and the requirements for groups is covered in the documentation. For this blog post I selected Everyone and Fixed. Click Deploy to start the deployment to the users.

Deploy Zoom for Outlook
Deploy Zoom for Outlook

The listed time is dependent upon the number of users in your deployment scope or your Office 365 tenant. You will get an email upon completion.

Once completed the add-in appears in the Office application. In this particular case, Zoom for Outlook appears in the New Appointment window in Outlook.

If you deployed the add-in as Available then the user needs to click the Get Add-In button in Outlook to install Zoom as shown:

Admin Add-Ins
Admin Add-Ins

Once the add-in is deployed, it will appear in the New Appointment screen as shown (on the right):

Zoom for Outlook New Appointment
Zoom for Outlook Add-In in New Appointment

Clicking the Add a Zoom Meeting button will present a dialog box where you can login with your Zoom account or if you have set up Zoom as an Enterprise Application then click the Sign in with SSO button.

Zoom for Outlook Add-In Login

In the below screenshot, Outlook Appointment shows the Zoom meeting details automatically added. The HTML view for the meeting details is an option available in your Zoom account settings, as is the location for your audio dial in settings (here shown as UK) as you don’t get to choose these options per meeting as you can do when meetings are made via the web browser on the Zoom site.

Zoom Meeting Created

The Settings button on the tool bar allows you to control other meeting settings such as Meeting ID (personal or auto-generated), password or not!, and video and audio settings for the meeting.

Zoom for Outlook Settings
Zoom for Outlook Settings

To edit the Add-In deployment you need to visit the old Microsoft 365 Admin Center (switch off “Try new admin center” to top right of admin center). From here you can adjust the status of the add-in and who it is deployed to, as well as removing the add-in.

Zoom for Outlook Add-In Settings
Zoom for Outlook Add-In Settings (old Office 365 Admin Center)

Finally, for info, the Teams Add-in to do the same thing in Teams is automatically added to Outlook if you have the Teams client installed and your deployment option is not Skype for meetings – for example if you are in Islands Mode you will be able to see both Skype and Teams buttons in Outlook!

Categories
Live Event Microsoft 365 Microsoft Teams Stream Teams

Microsoft Teams Live Events For Running a Church Service

Or, how to run a Microsoft Teams Live Event with average technical capability presenters, or how to run a Microsoft Teams Live Event for events that you would not normally consider this service for!

So with this title and alternative titles in mind we are going to look at how I set up and ran a Microsoft Teams Live Event for a weekly church service because access to the church building was closed due to social distancing because of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19 Coronavirus global outbreak). The previous week at church we ran a YouTube live streaming event as we could get access to the church building and we needed five people to put the service together (preacher, piano player, camera operator, sound desk and computer [for hymn words] operator). The second week of self isolation, government rules made this method of live broadcast impossible. So we turned to Microsoft Teams Live Events.

Microsoft Teams Live Events requires an Office 365 E3 or higher licence. The other requirements are that the producer(s) role and the presenters need to install Microsoft Teams and have a login to your tenant, but the attendees do not need a licence at all (as this particular Live Event will be open to anonymous attendees).

So how do we put this together:

  1. Set up the live event and a practice live event (as you cannot reuse a live event twice, so set up at least one practice event as well)
  2. Publish your event on your church website, and if interested use a URL shortening service that you can update (we use https://rebrand.ly) as this gives you click count and geo-location of the audience. Our first live event had attendees in India, northern Africa, and North and South America (as well as the UK where the church is based).
  3. Have all presenters arrive early to the live event (we went for 30 minutes) and aim to go live around 10 minutes before the actual event
  4. Have a collection of presenters for different roles – in social isolation it is of great benefit to see many different people taking part in the church event rather than it being run by one preacher
  5. Audio is open from all presenters unless they are muted – this allows the attendee to hear more than one person in different locations at the same time – this allowed us to have a pianist 15 miles from the person displaying the hymn words on the screen.

Create a Teams Live Event

To create a live event open the Teams app or website and go to the Calendar component.

To the top right, click the down arrow next to New Meeting and choose Live Event:
image

Fill in the details for the Live Event. This will include a title, a location (which we will leave blank due to self isolation!) and a start and end time. The start time should not include the pre-show preparation by the presenters and does not need to include time for the pre-event greeting which we will discuss below. So in our example here, church starts at 10:30am on a Sunday so that is the start time for the event.

Also invite the presenters. You can come back and edit this information later and add and remove presenters as the event information changes regarding what and who is going to be involved in the event.

image

Click Next and then select your audience. In our case this is an anonymous audience:

image

Scroll down in the New Live Event dialog and ensure that you select Recording available to all attendees (this allows attendees to watch the event at a later time on the Teams Live Event URL). Ensure that you pick the translations that support your expected audience and choose the Audience Engagement Report to be able to download a list of attendees who signed in after the event.

image

Click Schedule to create the Live Event. This sends the invitation to your other presenters and producers.

You then see the following dialog:

image

From the above you grab the attendee URL, which we will use in the next section and also from here you can edit the live event. You can return to this dialog box if you open the event later from your calendar in Teams (remember to show “Whole Week” from the calendar view as it just shows “Working Week” by default).

URL Shortening

Your live event is now created and its time to tell the audience how to get to the event. The below is what the Teams Live Event URL looks like (this below will not work):

https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_ZDA5OWZhNDYtYzdlMS00ZWXxXxXxXjYtZTc4NzJjNDc1NDJk%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%22046f8910-0ef6-412a-xxxx-yyyyyyyyyyyy%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%224bd86ae6-7fa8-470e-8578-59214991d892%22%2c%22IsBroadcastMeeting%22%3atrue%7d

We used a URL shortening service where we could send the attendees a single URL that we updated the target of each Friday or Saturday. We do not update the URL shortener link earlier in the week as the attendee can click the link after the Sunday and watch the event again or maybe for the first time. We did not use Bitly for link shortening as we could not update the link target without buying an expensive package.

So our church service can be reached at https://rebrand.ly/wrbcliveevent. We also placed this link on our website and wrote instructions on how to connect to the event and this is at https://wrbc.org.uk/live/ so that the user has some advice on how to connect as well (for example, mobile apps need the Teams app installed, but PCs can view the event in a modern browser).

Presenter Practice

I highly recommend running a presenter practice. In our example of a church service we wanted the ability to play music via a keyboard and to wire that keyboard into the PC that was running Teams. During practice for the first week we were unable to do this because of a suspicious device driver that impacted the ability to connect in a audio source via Line In. So in practice we decided just to place the PC near the piano and audio quality was acceptable but not great. We left this to fix for the second week!

Presenter practice also allows each presenter to get familiar with the application and what they see on the screen. For example in our case I as the producer was also sharing my second monitor to show the hymn words in our projection software (not PowerPoint). Each presenter could see my second monitor image large and the live view quite small (as can be seen below) which caused some questions during the rehearsal, and I as the producer could see something else (producers can see the live screen and the queued video image).Screen Shot 2020-03-26 at 17.05.16

Above is an example of what a presenter can see when the producer is sharing content. You can see the minature video streams for the other presenters and the yellow “pre-live” notice. Once the session goes live (again this was a practice session), the presenters can see the following:

Screen Shot 2020-03-26 at 17.37.22

Now there is a red “live” notice on the control bar and the image that is live is shown boxed in red.

On the producers screen they can see each video feed at the bottom and have the ability to share an app or desktop. During practice we shared the second desktop with the plan to run our hymn projection software (Zionworx) but as this has a control application on screen one and display on screen two it was too busy to try and do that and the Teams live meeting production – so during rehearsal we decided to have all the hymns and other slides (welcome, sermon, notices, reading and exit slide) as a single PowerPoint with presentation viewer option turned off (so running only on the second screen and press enter to move to next slide). This is what the producer could see:

image

Here you can see we are pre-live (yellow) and we can see the final attendee view to the bottom right as well as each video feed and the mute status of each presenter – the producer can mute (but not unmute) presenters. The content (producers second screen) can be seen on the right of the video feed screens.

Going Live

The plan for the live event was that all presenters would be online 30 minutes before the service start time, and that at 10:20 (10 minutes before start time) we would “go live”. At this point all presenters where muted and ensured the holding slide in PowerPoint was displayed on the right-hand view. It looks like this:

image

To get the PowerPoint presentation as a valid source of data you click the Share button on the bottom row and choose the application to share. We decided during the practice that we would share only PowerPoint and have a single slide desk for the whole service rather than sharing individual different presentations. The slides where structured in order, notices and hymns as required. We did not use PowerPoint Presenter View, as that would appear on the monitor that Teams Live Event controller was running on. So in turning off Presentation View all I needed to do was Alt+Tab between the Live Event (Teams app) and PowerPoint and press Enter to move to the next slide in time with the pre-planned order of service.

At five minutes to the start the pianist unmuted her Teams client and started to play some music. This ensured that attendees could both see and hear audio – we briefly swapped video feed to the pianist so that people knew they should be hearing something. This meant that attendees could be sure they were looking at the pre-start notice and that their volume was up.

At 10:29am we went live (there is about a minutes delay to the attendees but real time between the presenters, so this meant we started on time!)

To go live we clicked the Content option on the bottom row – this added it to the Queue (left larger video window) and we clicked “Send live” to place it on the right. We then clicked the video feed of the service leader and this added him to the Queue – this is what you can see above. At the start time we just clicked “Send live” – the pianist stopped and muted herself, the leader was unmuted in advance (but kept quite) and the producer (my role) used hand signals to indicate they were live – the leader and I were about a mile apart, the preacher was eight miles away and the pianist 15 miles away – hand signals via my video feed worked great as a way to communicate.

As each part of the service progressed, I added the next video or PowerPoint content to the queue on the left and sent it live as I needed to.

Finishing and Downloading Recordings

The service went fine, a few people had issues connecting that we later worked out to be issues installing apps on phones (no Apple account set up or credit card saved with Google, and both of these stop you installing any app) and one person had issues with Internet Safety software blocking the Rebrandly URL shortner service! We recommend that you get people to attempt to join the service in the days before Sunday so that they can follow up issues that they have rather than trying one device at the start time on the Sunday and giving up disappointed that it did not work for them.

Once the service finished we placed the final thank you slide on the screen and stayed muted for about 1 minute and then clicked “End”. This finishes the live event and after this point it cannot be restarted – so you need to confirm you really want to end the event. Don’t click Leave at the top as that pauses the event if there are no producers online.

The automatic recording is stopped and all the presenters can talk freely. We each left the meeting and a few hours later I came back and downloaded the recording along with the attendance engagement report. This showed the times people connected and who had a dodgy connection and kept needing to reconnect. If the user is logged into Teams it shows the username as well.

The video stream was then uploaded to our YouTube channel so that anyone who could not connect still had a way to listen to the service, though not in real time.

Now all ready to repeat this next week! And each week until self-isolation in the UK is lifted…

Categories
Advanced Threat Protection Application Guard ATP mdatp Office 365 ProPlus Safe Attachments Safe Documents windows 10

Office ATP Safe Documents

This is a new feature in Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection Plan 2 in addition to Safe Attachments. Safe Documents at the time of writing is only available in US based Office 365 tenants and only used by Office 365 ProPlus 2002 Monthly Channel (Targeted) builds (build 12527.20092) and later.

image

When a user receives an Office document from an external source the document is marked as such and can only be opened in “protected mode”. This stops editing and printing, but also (more importantly) stops macros and the like running as well. This reduction in functionality of editing and printing is enough for the user to often just take the document out of protected mode and impact your network.

When the document is emailed to the user, Office 365 ATP Safe Attachments (a Plan 1 feature) will process the document, but if the document is obtained another way, such as via a download link or copied onto a local file share, but is an externally sourced document, then the Safe Attachments vector of protection over email no longer applies.

This is where this new feature of Safe Documents comes into play. The entire document is uploaded to Microsoft’s datacentre and processed as if it where an attachment in email being processed via Safe Attachments.

An EU/UK datacentre version of this feature will come in due course.

What now happens is that the document is scanned in the cloud for “maliciousness” and the user is allowed to open the file and turn off  “protected mode” only if the document is considered safe. If the document is considered malicious then the user is not allowed to take the document out of “protected mode”.

This functionality was announced at Microsoft Ignite in November 2019 and is now in early preview at the time of writing this article. Future updates to this functionality will include the ability to open “protected mode” documents in a virtual machine automatically so that if the document does go rogue then closing the document results in closing the virtual machine and the removal of the impact, as all the changes were confined to the virtual machine. This feature is due Summer 2020 and is known as Application Guard for Office ProPlus. Application Guard will be included in subscriptions that include Windows 10 E5 (Windows 10 + Microsoft Defender Advanced Threat Protection).

More info: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/office-365-blog/new-functionality-to-make-it-easier-to-customize-manage-and/ba-p/1003047 and https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/02/12/building-on-secure-productivity/ and the documentation at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/safe-docs

Categories
AADConnect AADSync Azure AD AzureAD baseline conditional access MFA

MFA, Admin Roles and AADConnect Sync Failures

Come Feb 29th 2020 and Microsoft are turning off the baseline security policies. If you used these policies to do MFA for all admins (as that was an easy way to achieve this), then a replacement Conditional Access rule might cause errors with AADConnect.

The reason being is that you could create a new Conditional Access rule that stops all administrative roles from logging in unless they perform MFA. The AADConnect service sync account is an account that is created for you automatically by AADConnect in Azure AD and it has some special admin roles – but cannot operate with MFA enabled.

If your MFA Conditional Access rule (or Admin only from Compliant Devices or similar type of rule) does not exclude the sync account then expect sync to stop working. It will stop with MA errors on the connection to Azure AD and if you run Start-ADSyncSyncCycle you get the following error message about a modal dialog box or form when the application is not running in UserInteractive mode.

The fix is to add the sync account to the group that contains your break glass accounts, so that you bypass MFA for this account. If you do not have a break glass account then make one, and ensure it and the sync account bypass MFA or other limiting conditional access rules. The sync account is called “On-Premises Directory Synchronization Service Account” and is named sync_computername_uniquestring@tenant_domain.

The full error message for a search engine to find and bring you here is:

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) 2014 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\Users\administrator> Start-ADSyncSyncCycle
Start-ADSyncSyncCycle : System.Management.Automation.CmdletInvocationException: System.InvalidOperationException:
Showing a modal dialog box or form when the application is not running in UserInteractive mode is not a valid operation. Specify the Service Notification or DefaultDesktopOnly style to display a notification from a service
application.
    at
Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Platform.WebUI.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__12.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__11.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<PreTokenRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenHandlerBase.<RunAsync>d__57.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenCommonAsync>d__39.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenAsync>d__30.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AuthenticateADAL(String userName,SecureString password, Azure Service azureService, Boolean useCachedToken, String& accessToken, String& adalErrorType,String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureServiceazureService, String userName, SecureString password, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail,AuthenticationStatus& status, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureServiceazureService, String& service Endpoint, String& additionalDetail, AuthenticationStatus& status, BooleanthrowOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureServiceadalResource, String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Coexistence.ProvisionHelper.GetSecurityToken()
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.InitializeProvisionHelper()
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.Initialize()
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.GetCompanyConfiguration(Boolean includeLicenseInformation)
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.AADConfig.get_CloudEnforcedSyncSchedulerInterval()
    at Microsoft.MetadirectoryServices.Scheduler.SchedulerSettingUtilities.get_CurrentSchedulerSettings()
    at SchedulerUtils.GetCurrentSchedulerSettings(SchedulerUtils* , _ConfigAttrNode* pcanList, UInt32 ccanItems, Char**syncSettingsSerialized, Char** errorString) —> System.InvalidOperationException: System.InvalidOperationException:Showing a modal dialog box or form when the application is not running in UserInteractive mode is not a valid operation. Specify the ServiceNotification or DefaultDesktopOnly style to display a notification from a service
application.
    at
Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Platform.WebUI.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__12.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__11.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<PreTokenRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenHandlerBase.<RunAsync>d__57.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenCommonAsync>d__39.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenAsync>d__30.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AuthenticateADAL(String userName,
SecureString password, AzureService azureService, Boolean useCachedToken, String& accessToken, String& adalErrorType,String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureServiceazureService, String userName, SecureString password, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail,
AuthenticationStatus& status, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureServiceazureService, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail, AuthenticationStatus& status, BooleanthrowOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService
adalResource, String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Coexistence.ProvisionHelper.GetSecurityToken()
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.InitializeProvisionHelper()
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.Initialize()
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.GetCompanyConfiguration(Boolean includeLicenseInformation)
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.AADConfig.get_CloudEnforcedSyncSchedulerInterval()
    at Microsoft.MetadirectoryServices.Scheduler.SchedulerSettingUtilities.get_CurrentSchedulerSettings()
    at SchedulerUtils.GetCurrentSchedulerSettings(SchedulerUtils* , _ConfigAttrNode* pcanList, UInt32 ccanItems, Char**syncSettingsSerialized, Char** errorString)
    at Microsoft.DirectoryServices.MetadirectoryServices.UI.WebServices.MMSWebService.GetSchedulerSettings(String&settingsDeserialized, String& errorString)
    at Microsoft.IdentityManagement.PowerShell.Cmdlet.GetADSyncScheduler.ProcessRecord()
    — End of inner exception stack trace —
    at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.PipelineBase.Invoke(IEnumerable input)
    at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Worker.ConstructPipelineAndDoWork(Runspace rs, Boolean performSyncInvoke)
    at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Worker.CreateRunspaceIfNeededAndDoWork(Runspace rsToUse, Boolean isSync)
    at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.CoreInvokeHelper[TInput,TOutput](PSDataCollection`1 input,PSDataCollection`1 output, PSInvocationSettings settings)
    at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.CoreInvoke[TInput,TOutput](PSDataCollection`1 input, PSDataCollection`1output, PSInvocationSettings settings)
    at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Invoke(IEnumerable input, PSInvocationSettings settings)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.PowerShell.LocalPowerShell.Invoke()
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.PowerShell.PowerShellAdapter.TypeDependencies.InvokePowerShell(IPowerShellpowerShell)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.PowerShell.PowerShellAdapter.InvokePowerShellCommand(String commandName,InitialSessionState initialSessionState, IDictionary`2 commandParameters, Boolean isScript)
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.PowerShellConfigAdapter.SchedulerPowerShellAdapter.GetCurrentSchedulerSettings()
    at Microsoft.MetadirectoryServices.Scheduler.Scheduler.StartSyncCycle(String overridePolicy, BooleaninteractiveMode)
    at SchedulerUtils.StartSyncCycle(SchedulerUtils* , Char* policyType, Int32 interactiveMode, Char** errorString)
At line:1 char:1
+ Start-ADSyncSyncCycle
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     + CategoryInfo          : WriteError: (Microsoft.Ident…ADSyncSyncCycle:StartADSyncSyncCycle) [Start-ADSyncSyncCycle], InvalidOperationException
     + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.Management.Automation.CmdletInvocationException: System.InvalidOperationException
    : Showing a modal dialog box or form when the application is not running in UserInteractive mode is not a valid operation. Specify the ServiceNotification or DefaultDesktopOnly style to display a notification from a service application.
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Platform.WebUI.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__12.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__11.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<PreTokenRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenHandlerBase.<RunAsync>d__57.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenCommonAsync>d__39.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenAsync>d__30.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AuthenticateADAL(String userName, SecureString password, AzureService azureService, Boolean useCachedToken, String& accessToken, String& adalErrorType, String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService azureService, String userName, SecureString password, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail, AuthenticationStatus& status, Boolean throwOnException)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService azureService, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail, AuthenticationStatus& status, Boolean throwOnException)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService adalResource, String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Coexistence.ProvisionHelper.GetSecurityToken()
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.
    InitializeProvisionHelper()
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.
    Initialize()
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.
    GetCompanyConfiguration(Boolean includeLicenseInformation)
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.AADConfig.get_CloudEnforcedSyncSchedulerInterval()
    at Microsoft.MetadirectoryServices.Scheduler.SchedulerSettingUtilities.get_CurrentSchedulerSettings()
        at SchedulerUtils.GetCurrentSchedulerSettings(SchedulerUtils* , _ConfigAttrNode* pcanList, UInt32 ccanItems, Char** syncSettingsSerialized, Char** errorString) —> System.InvalidOperationException: System.InvalidOperationException: Showing a modal dialog box or form when the application is not running in UserInteractive mode is not a va
  lid operation. Specify the ServiceNotification or DefaultDesktopOnly style to display a notification from a service application.
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Platform.WebUI.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__12.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<AcquireAuthorizationAsync>d__11.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenInteractiveHandler.<PreTokenRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Internal.Flows.AcquireTokenHandlerBase.<RunAsync>d__57.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenCommonAsync>d__39.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
    at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext.<AcquireTokenAsync>d__30.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown —
    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AuthenticateADAL(String userName, SecureString password, AzureService azureService, Boolean useCachedToken, String& accessToken, String& adalErrorType, String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService azureService, String userName, SecureString password, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail, AuthenticationStatus& status, Boolean throwOnException)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService azureService, String& serviceEndpoint, String& additionalDetail, AuthenticationStatus& status, Boolean throwOnException)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.Client.Framework.AzureAuthenticationProvider.AcquireServiceToken(AzureService adalResource, String& additionalDetails, Boolean throwOnException)
    at Microsoft.Online.Coexistence.ProvisionHelper.GetSecurityToken()
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.
    InitializeProvisionHelper()
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.
    Initialize()
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.ProvisioningWebServiceAdapter.
    GetCompanyConfiguration(Boolean includeLicenseInformation)
    at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.AADConfig.get_CloudEnforcedSyncSchedulerInterval()
    at Microsoft.MetadirectoryServices.Scheduler.SchedulerSettingUtilities.get_CurrentSchedulerSettings()
        at SchedulerUtils.GetCurrentSchedulerSettings(SchedulerUtils* , _ConfigAttrNode* pcanList, UInt32 ccanItems, Char** syncSettingsSerialized, Char** errorString)
        at Microsoft.DirectoryServices.MetadirectoryServices.UI.WebServices.MMSWebService.GetSchedulerSettings(String&settingsDeserialized, String& errorString)
    at Microsoft.IdentityManagement.PowerShell.Cmdlet.GetADSyncScheduler.ProcessRecord()
    — End of inner exception stack trace —
    at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.PipelineBase.Invoke(IEnumerable input)
        at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Worker.ConstructPipelineAndDoWork(Runspace rs, Boolean performSyncInvoke)
        at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Worker.CreateRunspaceIfNeededAndDoWork(Runspace rsToUse, Boolean isSync)
        at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.CoreInvokeHelper[TInput,TOutput](PSDataCollection`1 input, PSDataCollection`1 output, PSInvocationSettings settings)
        at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.CoreInvoke[TInput,TOutput](PSDataCollection`1 input, PSDataCollection`1 output, PSInvocationSettings settings)
    at System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Invoke(IEnumerable input, PSInvocationSettings settings)
    at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.PowerShell.LocalPowerShell.Invoke()
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.PowerShell.PowerShellAdapter.TypeDependencies.InvokePowerShell(IPowerShell powerShell)
        at Microsoft.Online.Deployment.PowerShell.PowerShellAdapter.InvokePowerShellCommand(String commandName, InitialSessionState initialSessionState, IDictionary`2 commandParameters, Boolean isScript)
        at Microsoft.Azure.ActiveDirectory.Synchronization.PowerShellConfigAdapter.SchedulerPowerShellAdapter.GetCurrentSchedulerSettings()
        at Microsoft.MetadirectoryServices.Scheduler.Scheduler.StartSyncCycle(String overridePolicy, Boolean interactiveMode)
        at SchedulerUtils.StartSyncCycle(SchedulerUtils* , Char* policyType, Int32 interactiveMode, Char** errorString)
    ,Microsoft.IdentityManagement.PowerShell.Cmdlet.StartADSyncSyncCycle

Categories
Advanced Threat Protection Azure Active Directory Azure AD Deployment EM+S Endpoint Manager Intune mcas mdatp MDM Microsoft Cloud App Security Microsoft Defender Advanced Threat Protection Mobile Device Management Web Application Proxy

Blocking Apps With a Low Reputation

One of the benefits of Microsoft 365 is the interaction across many products and features to create services that otherwise you might not have available to you or need to implement unrelated and unconnected additional software and maybe client agents as well.

Recently announced is an interaction between Windows Defender (client AV and other security protections on Windows 10), Microsoft Cloud App Security – MCAS (cloud based reverse proxy for cloud app protection), Microsoft Defender Advanced Threat Protection (cloud service for analysing activity on end compute devices and determining if the activity could be malicious or warrant further investigation) and Microsoft Endpoint Protection Manager (recently renamed from Microsoft Intune) for pushing the settings needed to enable all of this. This interaction is to take apps that your users are browsing to, read the discovered app score and if the score is too low then to tag the app as unsanctioned and push the URLs for this app to the client (via MDATP) and have Windows Defender block access to the app shortly afterwards.

Client Experience

So lets take a look at what this looks like from the users perspective and then how to set it up. First on the left if Microsoft Edge (either the old or the new version) and Firefox on the right. The action is the viewing of a URL that is unsanctioned. This particular app that I chose is an news agency and I browsed to the site directly. If the site is browsed indirectly (say via an embedded advert or graphic) then a different view will appear.

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Making This Work

Now lets see what we needed to put together to make this work. First Intune (Endpoint Manager) for the settings on the client, then MDATP for the interaction with MCAS and then MCAS for the app protection:

Endpoint Manager (Intune)

For this protection feature we need to ensure that you have a Device Configuration policy for Windows 10 or later that sets both Endpoint Protection and Device Restrictions in place. These two policies need to be in place and scoped to all the users that you want to protect.

The first policy is an Endpoint Protection policy, and you may have one of these already configuring Windows Defender on your Windows 10 endpoints. You need to make sure that the Microsoft Defender Exploit Guard and then the Network Filtering policy is set to Enable. This is supported in Windows 10 1709 and later, and I have seen this break outbound network connectivity on Windows 10 version 1703 machines that had the Microsoft Firewall disabled (where it did not break later versions of Windows).

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Save and apply this policy.

Create a second Device Configuration policy, again for Windows 10 or later and for Device Restrictions this time. For this policy select Microsoft Defender Antivirus and then Enable the Real-Time Monitoring option, the Cloud Delivered Protection option also to Enabled, for Prompt users before sample submission, select Send all data without prompting and for Submit samples consent select Send all samples automatically. These are shown in the following two screenshots, both showing the same set of settings, but as its quite a long list the second picture is scrolled down.

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Again save and apply this policy. Now wait for it to download to your client machines, or in the MDM settings on Domains and Accounts, click Sync to speed this process up.

MDATP

Next you need to set up the interaction between MCAS and MDATP. This is done in the Settings > Advanced Features. Here ensure that Custom Network Indicators is enabled. This ensures that machines can be set to allow or block URLs. This feature requires Windows 10 version 1709 and later as well and an up to date version of the antimalware platform. The network protection in block mode, which is also listed as a requirement, is what we have enabled above.

You also need to make sure that the integration with Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) is enabled. Again, a list of client requirements is displayed along with the requirement that you are running EMS E5 licences for all targeted users.

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If you don’t have the MCAS or EMS E5 licence then you can add the URLs and other indicators directly into MDATP via Settings > Indicators > URLs/Domains. It is here the MCAS pushes the URLs that the client will block against, and so any way of pushing data into the indicators in MDATP will generate the same result.

MCAS

In MCAS we need to set up the pushing of unsanctioned apps to MDATP and configure unsanctioned apps either manually or automatically.

To push the status of unsanctioned apps click the cog to the top right and choose Settings. Select Microsoft Defender ATP and ensure that Block unsanctioned apps is enabled here.

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Finally we can go to the Discovered Apps portal in MCAS. If you recently enabled the integration between MDATP and MCAS then this list of apps on the Discover > Discovered Apps will be empty. This will populate over time and store up to 90 days of information on the cloud apps your users are browsing.

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On the report, possibly called the “Win10 Endpoint Users” report, which is client data from MDATP, click on the Score column to sort the list from 0 upward and see the apps that users are browsing that MCAS scores with a low rating. Click the app name to get the stats on why the app gets a low score.

Under the Actions column click the “no entry” sign, which tags an app as unsanctioned. Once you do this, this app will be blocked in Windows 10 that is under the scope of the Intune policy created above within 2 hours (allowing 8 hours for Intune to sync the new settings in the first instance).

To automatically unsanction any app with a low score (for example 0 to 3) then select Policies from the Control menu. Create a new App Discovery Policy by clicking the Create Policy option. This new policy will have a name like “Unsanction Apps With A Low Score” and the policy setting will be Risk Score equals 0-2. It will apply to All Continuous Reports. Decide if you want to be alerted to this app running and finally select Tag app as unsanctioned.

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Shortly after you create this rule apps that fall into the category will be tagged as unsanctioned. Before you enable this rule it would be wise to check the list of apps with the same score as shown under the Discovery reports that meet your score to ensure that it would not be business impacting immediately (unless you need that to happen). For example at the time of writing this 3,095 apps where shown as scoring #2 and below and 14 apps of score #2 and below that had been viewed by end users in our company over the last 30 days. In the Continuous reports you can click any app and see who is using it and who would be impacted by blocking it.

I recommend individually unsanctioning an app for testing purposes. You can get the URL for the app by clicking the app name in MCAS and then you can browse this from a end user device that is under the scope of your MDATP deployment and your policy Intune deployment. This takes about 2 hours to take effect first time around. The automated rule to tag apps as unsanctioned automatically takes a bit longer and therefore harder to test.

Once users then access these unsanctioned apps they appear as alerts in MDATP as well. On the Alerts Queue you get a “Connection to a blocked cloud application was detected”. For example I got the following during writing this blog because when my screen-shooting software was capturing the above Firefox image it decided to follow the URL and now I see that snagit32.exe was blocked from making a connection to a blocked cloud application

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Categories
Authentication Azure Active Directory Azure AD AzureAD conditional access

Baseline Policy Replacements: Conditional Access MFA for Administrators

From Feb 29th 2020 Microsoft will remove the “baseline policies” from Azure AD. These were very useful in the past to enable blanket settings like MFA for all admin accounts (well, selected admin roles) and to disable legacy auth for the same admin roles.

With the removal of the baseline policies you need to ensure that before Feb 29th 2020 you have a replacement policy/policies in place. If you are reading this blog post after that date these steps will help you implement MFA for admin roles without using the Microsoft Security Defaults.

The Security Defaults are great for tenants without Azure AD P1 or higher licences (including Enterprise Mobility + Security E3/E5 licences) as they turn all this security on for you. If you have Azure AD P1 or higher licences (including Enterprise Mobility + Security E3/E5 licences) then you can use Conditional Access instead.

These steps below will implement a rule to allow selected admin roles to login only if they perform MFA successfully and to block legacy authentication for the same roles. The configuration below will also include a break glass account so that you always have a way to bypass this security should the need arise (loss of auth code generator device, outage at Microsoft that stops MFA working etc.).

1. Create Conditional Access Policy to force MFA for admin roles

Create a new policy called “Protect All Administrators – Require MFA for All Logins” and set the following options

  • Users and Groups > Directory Roles > select all roles relevant to your organization. Suggest selecting all those that end “Administrator” as a minimum and maybe include Global Reader as well.
  • Users and Groups > Exclude tab > Exclude the group that contains your AADConnect sync account and you break glass accounts. If you have not done this yet, go and do it and then come back here. As a minimum exclude your account for now.
  • Cloud apps or actions > All Cloud Apps
  • Conditions > Client Apps > deselect “Other Clients” to remove clients that only do legacy authentication
  • Grant > Require multi-factor authentication
  • Report Only – this is to make sure that we do not lock ourselves out by getting this wrong – we change it to “On” later once we know it is working

2. Create a policy to block legacy authentication clients from doing administrative actions

Create a second policy called “Protect All Administrators – Block Legacy Authentication” and set the following options:

    • Users and Groups > Directory Roles > select all roles relevant to your
      organization.This list will need to be identical to the above list, and when in future you edit the above list because Microsoft add new administrative roles, you need to match those changes to this policy list as well.
    • Users and Groups > Exclude tab > Exclude the group that contains your
      break glass accounts.
    • Cloud apps or actions > All Cloud Apps
    • Conditions > Client Apps > deselect all options except for “Other Clients” to remove clients
      that do modern authentication (therefore deselect browser and modern clients).
    • Grant > Block Access
    • Report Only – this is to make sure that we do not lock ourselves out by
      getting this wrong – we change it to “On” later once we know it is working

3. Future changes

As mentioned above, when Microsoft release new administrative roles, you you add the first person to a new role you have not used before, come and edit both of these policies to include that administrative role.

Once you are sure that the policy is working (by reviewing the Conditional Access reports) change the policies to “On” instead of “Report Only”.

Categories
2FA Azure Active Directory Azure AD MFA security self-service password reset smartphone sms text message

Impact of Removing SMS As an MFA Method In Azure AD

Disable all phone and text options for MFA

There are a number of general recommendations that SMS (text messages) as an MFA method is not a good idea (mainly to do with the ease of porting or moving devices the number is associated with). You should always be looking at MFA with an app (Microsoft Authenticator or other) or hardware device. But the default in Azure AD is to include SMS as an option – so if we turn off text messaging as a second factor what is the impact to our user base who might have already registered their phone number.

My previous article on MFA end user experiences covered the different options available for the different registration wizards (legacy and the new combined MFA/SSPR wizard), what happens if you have SSPR enabled (and what happens if you do not). Each of the scenarios in that article allowed the user to register a phone number and then to have a text message sent at login.

If the user registered with the legacy authentication wizard (which is the default setting as of the time of writing) then there are three options by default – authentication phone, office number (set by the admin and not by the user) and mobile app (and phone is the selected option). Using SMS for second factor is therefore automatically set up unless the user chooses “office number” or “mobile app” whilst registering. The registration page looks as follows:

Legacy Auth for MFA with Phone Selected

So in scenarios where the user followed the defaults they get an MFA prompt at login that looks like this:

MFA via Phonecall dialog

Notice that they have an option to “sign in another way” for scenarios where the user maybe cannot receive a phone call but would be able to receive a text message (if you are in a location where you can receive neither, then you need to register the app as well in advance). If the user clicks “sign in another way” then they see the following where they can choose to receive a text message as the second factor proof:

Second factor proof select phone or text

To disable SMS/text as an MFA method you need to be in the Azure AD portal > MFA > Additional cloud-based MFA settings (or click Multi-Factor Authentication in the Users page of the same portal). You will see the below once you click the Service Settings tab:

Classic MFA Service Settings

This dialog includes the “skip multi-factor authentication…” box which you only have if you have Azure AD P1 or P2 licence. The four options at the bottom include the “Text message to phone” – uncheck that to stop SMS as a second factor.

So if SMS/text is removed as an option – what changes for the users who has already got a phone number stored as a MFA method? First change is that “sign in another way” message is now missing. A user who previously got a phone call with the option to change to another option will find that they cannot change options anymore (unless they have also registered a different method such as office number or mobile app:

MFA by Phone with SMS disabled

Therefore if there is not enough mobile signal to manage a call (and there might be for a text message) then the user cannot authenticate.

What about users who when they registered for MFA set SMS as their default? Setting text message as a default is not a obvious setting – but the default is whatever you initially choose to register with – so in the registration wizard if you select “send me a code by text message” then your default is SMS:

SMS as default MFA method

Once the admin disables SMS as a valid second factor, those users with phone as their default (or app) are not impacted – but users who set text message as their default are required to re-register. In the registration they are told their organization needs further information, that “call me” is the only available option, but their previously registered telephone number is shown in the registration wizard. This is shown in the following series of images:

More information required
Registration for MFA - Call only as a phone option
Registration for MFA steps
Registration for MFA steps 2

Once the users settings are saved, the user clicks Finish and their registration for phone authentication is updated to remove text message as a valid option. Enabling texts again in the admin portal does not allow this user to use texts again unless they register again or they update their additional security verification settings (Office 365 browser app > click photo > My account > Manage security & privacy > Additional security verification > Update your phone numbers used for account security (go to https://aka.ms/mfasetup as a shortcut to avoid all these steps)

If you remove both phone and text as a registration option as shown then users who previously only had phone and/or text registered will be required to register again.

Disable all phone and text options for MFA

This time registration will default to “mobile app” – where the user can select “code” or “notification” as their new default:

MFA Registration - phone and text disabled

In scenarios where you have enabled the new registration wizard (see my previous article on MFA end user experiences for more on this) then the default registration option is to use the app and not phone or text, though phone numbers are collected if you also turn on two or more options for requiring a password reset with SSPR. So in these scenarios you will probably find that the user has lots of registered options and so turning off SMS is not an issue.

So to disable SMS is only a problem in Azure AD for the user – as it means that at the next login they need to register again (so not a real problem). I had previously seen in 2018 that if the admin disabled text messages then users could not login if this was their only method! So that issue is clearly fixed now.

So as a call to action from this article – consider turning off text messages as a second factor and noting that the only impact is some users will either need to register again or you can ask them to go to https://aka.ms/mfasetup beforehand to change their default setting.

Categories
app password ATP Authentication Azure Azure Active Directory Azure AD Azure Information Protection AzureAD conditional access EM+S email enterprise mobility + security management mcm mcsm MFA microsoft modern authentication multi-factor auth Multi-Factor Authentication sspr

MFA and End User Impacts

This article will look at the various different MFA settings found in Azure AD (which controls MFA for Office 365 and other SaaS services) and how those decisions impact users.

There is lots on the internet on enabling MFA, and lots on what that looks like for the user – but nothing I could see that directly laid out all the options and the impact of each option.

The options that the admin can set that I will cover in this article are:

  • Default settings for the MFA registration service
  • The enhanced registration service (now depreciated)
  • The refreshed enhanced registration service (MFA and Self-Service Password Reset registration combined)

The general impact to the user is that the user needs to provide a second factor to login. In this article I will not detail the above registration for each of the second factors and only cover the general process of registration – your exact experience on registration will depend upon what second factors (app notifications, app code, phone call and text message) you choose to implement.

This article will look mainly at the different between having no MFA and what happens from the users perspective as the admin turns on a requirement to have MFA. The various options that the admin can use to enable MFA are as follows:

  • Office 365 MFA (aka the legacy method) that is available to all users with or without a licence
  • Azure AD Conditional Access and setting a rule that requires MFA (when the user is not registered)
  • Azure AD Premium 2 licence and MFA Registration (register without requiring MFA to be enabled)
  • Azure AD Free fixed Conditional Access rules (MFA for all users) which is in preview at the time of writing (Aug 2019)

Terminology and Settings

This article refers back to a series of different settings in each of the following sections. To make the article avoid repeating itself, this section outlines each of the general settings, what I mean by the description I use and where I turn that setting on or off.

Office 365 MFA – This is the legacy MFA options set via https://admin.microsoft.com > User Management > Multi-Factor Authentication. This user experience turns on or off MFA for users regardless of app or location (unlike Conditional Access) and has settings for the different second factor methods (for example you can disable SMS from here).

Legacy MFA Admin Page

Conditional Access Based MFA – This is where you set rules for accessing cloud apps based on the user, the location, the risk (P2 licence required), the device (domain joined or compliant), the location (IP), the device risk (MDATP licence required), compliance (Intune required) etc. If you rule requires MFA and the logging in user passes the requirements for this rule (and is not otherwise blocked) then this is what I call Conditional Access Based MFA. This is set in https://portal.azure.com > Azure Active Directory > Enterprise Applications > Conditional Access

Conditional Access Based MFA

Azure AD Premium 2 MFA Registration – This is where you can get users to register before you turn on MFA via either of the above routes. Without the P2 licence you turn on MFA and at the next login the user needs to register. With P2 you can turn on registration at login without forcing MFA. You would then enable MFA later or you can have registration at next login (and defer that by 14 days) so that the user registers even if they never hit an endpoint that the need to do MFA on. For example, MFA when external and the user never works remotely. Therefore they will never have to do MFA and therefore never be required to register – which P2 licence you can get them to register independent of the requirement to do MFA. You access these settings via https://portal.azure.com > Azure AD Identity Protection > MFA Registration

Azure AD P2 MFA Registration

Self Service Password Reset Registration – This is shown if the user is in scope for SSPR and SSPR is enabled. This is not MFA registration – but if the user is in scope they will be asked to register for this as well. This therefore can result in two registrations at next login – one for SSPR and one for MFA. We will show this below, but it is best if you move to the combined MFA/SSPR registration wizard mentioned below.

SSPR Enablement

Enhanced Registration (Depreciated) – This was the new registration wizard in 2018 and have been replaced by the next option. If you still have users on this option you will see it, otherwise the option to enable this older wizard is now removed. This is accessed via https://portal.azure.com > Azure AD > User Settings > Manage user features preview

MFA Registration Wizard

Combined MFA and SSPR Registration – This is the current recommended MFA registration process and it includes self-service password reset registration as well. You should aim to move your settings to this. All the new MFA reporting and insights are based on this process. This is accessed via https://portal.azure.com > Azure AD > User Settings > Manage user features preview. Note that if you still have users on the previous “Enhanced Registration” shown above then this one is listed as “enhanced”. If not – if only one slider is shown – it is the new registration process. You can enable this for a group of users (for pilot) or all users:

Combined MFA and SSPR Registration Wizard

Office 365 MFA + Original Registration

This is not recommended to be used any more – use the Azure AD Free Conditional Access rules for all users or all admins instead. But for completion of the process to show all the options, you select a user(s) in the Office 365 MFA page and click Enable. In the below screenshot we can see that Cameron White is enabled for MFA. This means that it has been turned on for him, but he has not yet gone through the registration wizard:

Office 365 MFA for Single User

The video below shows the first run experience of this user – they login and are prompted to register for MFA. They register using the legacy experience and are then granted access to the application.

OFFICE 365 MFA + LEGACY REGISTRATION

Office 365 MFA + Enhanced Registration

For this scenario I have a user called Brian Johnson. He has been enabled for MFA as above (Office 365 method) but additionally has been added to a group that is configured to support the new MFA+SSPR combined registration process. Brian is not enabled for SSPR. The video shows the user experience. Note that the user needs a valid licence to be able to use this experience. If they do not have any licences they will get the old experience:

VIDEO OFFICE 365 MFA + ENHANCED REGISTRATION

Conditional Access MFA

The following video looks at the experience of two users who are enforced for MFA via Conditional Access. The login will trigger the registration for MFA as neither user is already registered. The first user (Christie) gets the old registration wizard and the second (Debra) gets the new registration wizard. The Conditional Access settings are basic – MFA in all circumstances for our two users:

Conditional Access Two Users
Conditional Access MFA Enabled
CONDITIONAL ACCESS WITH OLD AND NEW REGISTRATION

Impact of SSPR on MFA Registration and User Sign-In

When users are set up to register their password reset security methods and MFA, but using the old registration wizard the user needs to do two sets of registration. Again, it is recommended that the combined registration process is used instead of this process.

For this demostration, we are enabling SSPR for our test users. One with the old registration wizard and one with the new one:

SSPR WITH AND WITHOUT COMBINED REGISTRATION

Adding SSPR To Already Registered Users

Once a user has registered for MFA (old or new registration) it might come a time where you enable SSPR for them after that (and not at the time of original registration). In this scenario the users that registered with the old registration wizard are asked to register for SSPR, but users who went through the new wizard – though they did not specifically register for SSPR – there is enough details already available for them to use the service (as long as app notifications and codes is enabled for SSPR). If SSPR is left on the default of SMS and Email, then the new registration wizard does not have your alternative email and so SSPR is unavailable to you. The user process and flow is shown in the next video:

ENABLE SSPR AFTER REGISTRATION

Azure AD Identity Protection and MFA Registration

The Azure AD Premium 2 licensed feature called Identity Protection contains the ability to request that the user registers for MFA (and SSPR if via the new combined registration wizard) even if the user is not required to perform MFA for login – all our previous registrations only required registration because the user needed to do MFA. You can ask users to pre-register via https://aka.ms/mfasetup but Identity Protection adds this functionality with a 14 day option to defer. The video shows the settings and the user experience:

Azure AD IDENTITY PROTECTION WITH AND WITHOUT NEW REGISTRATION

Azure AD Free Conditional Access for All Users

Early Q2 2019 Microsoft rolled out new baseline policies for Azure AD Conditional Access. These are available even without the Azure AD P1 licence needed for Conditional Access – but as they are licence free they are heavily restricted – they apply to all users and need MFA if sign-in is risky. So though they do not require MFA on all logins (unlike the O365 MFA legacy settings) they do require registration. But they offer a 14 day deferral process if the user is not ready to register. But unlike Azure AD Identity Protection mentioned above, you cannot do this for some users – it is enabled for all users upon enabling the rule. Lets see the settings and the user experience in the video. The video will also enable the “all admins” baseline policy as well, as that should always be turned on.

BASELINE POLICY FOR ALL USERS WITH REGISTRATION